Introduction: What is Sadaqatul Fitr?
Sadaqatul Fitr, also known as Zakat al-Fitr or Fitrana, is an obligatory charity that must be given by every Muslim before the Eid al-Fitr prayer. It serves as both a purification for the fasting person and a means of assisting the poor so they can enjoy Eid.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“The fast remains suspended between Heaven and Earth until the Sadaqatul Fitr is paid.”
(Sunan Abu Dawood, 1609)
This Hadith emphasizes the importance of paying Sadaqatul Fitr before Eid, as it helps complete and purify the fasting of Ramadan.
1. The Purpose of Sadaqatul Fitr
Sadaqatul Fitr is not just a financial obligation but carries deep spiritual and social benefits.
A. Purification of Fasting
During Ramadan, people may have committed minor sins, such as idle talk, arguments, or lack of focus in prayers. Sadaqatul Fitr acts as an expiation for these shortcomings and helps ensure one’s fast is fully accepted.
Ibn Abbas (RA) reported:
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory as a means of purifying the fasting person from idle talk and misbehavior and to feed the poor.”
(Sunan Abu Dawood, 1609)
B. Helping the Poor Celebrate Eid
Eid is a day of joy, and no Muslim should be deprived of it due to poverty. Sadaqatul Fitr ensures that even the needy can buy food and enjoy Eid with dignity.
The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded:
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory as a means of purifying the fasting person from idle talk and misbehavior and to feed the poor.”
(Sunan Abu Dawood, 1609)
C. Strengthening Brotherhood in the Ummah
Islam promotes generosity and mutual care. This charity cultivates empathy for those in need and reminds Muslims of their social responsibilities.
2. Rulings on Sadaqatul Fitr in Hanafi Fiqh
Sadaqatul Fitr is Wajib (obligatory) upon every Muslim who possesses the Nisab threshold—the minimum amount of wealth that makes one liable for Zakah.
A. Who Must Pay Sadaqatul Fitr?
- Every adult Muslim who meets the Nisab threshold (wealth equivalent to 612.36 grams of silver).
- The head of the household must pay for their dependents, including children.
- Even a newborn child (born before Eid day) requires Sadaqatul Fitr to be paid on their behalf.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Give Sadaqatul Fitr on behalf of young and old, free and slave.”
(Sunan Abu Dawood, 1609)
B. When Should It Be Given?
- It should be given before the Eid Salah.
- If paid after the Eid prayer, it is counted as a general charity (Sadaqah) and not as Sadaqatul Fitr.
Ibn Umar (RA) reported:
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ordered that Sadaqatul Fitr be given before people go out for the Eid prayer.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 1503)
Best Practice: Pay as early as possible in Ramadan so that the poor can prepare for Eid.
3. The Amount of Sadaqatul Fitr
The amount of Sadaqatul Fitr is based on the value of staple foods such as dates, barley, wheat, or raisins. The Hanafi school considers the value of wheat as the minimum standard, while other schools prefer the higher value of dates or raisins.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Give one Sa’ (approximately 3.5 kg) of dates or barley per person.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 1503)
According to Hanafi Fiqh, the minimum amount due per person is:
Staple Food Type | Amount Required | Estimated Price (2024) |
Wheat | 1/2 Sa’ (approx. 1.75 kg) | £5 ($6.50) |
Barley | 1 Sa’ (approx. 3.5 kg) | £8 ($10) |
Dates | 1 Sa’ (approx. 3.5 kg) | £15 ($18) |
Raisins | 1 Sa’ (approx. 3.5 kg) | £20 ($25) |
Best Practice: It is recommended to give the highest amount possible based on one’s financial ability.
4. Who Should Receive Sadaqatul Fitr?
According to Hanafi Fiqh, Sadaqatul Fitr should be given to the same categories of people eligible for Zakah, which include:
- The poor (Al-Fuqara’) – Those who do not have sufficient wealth.
- The needy (Al-Masakeen) – Those who have some wealth but not enough to sustain themselves.
- Debtors – Those struggling with debt.
- Wayfarers – Travelers stranded without financial means.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Sadaqatul Fitr is to be given to the poor so they can enjoy Eid.”
(Sunan al-Kubra, 7681)
Note: It should not be given to non-Muslims, wealthy individuals, or those who do not qualify for Zakah.
5. Common Mistakes & Misconceptions
- Delaying payment until after Eid Salah.
- Giving it to wealthy individuals instead of the poor.
- Thinking it is optional – Sadaqatul Fitr is Wajib (obligatory).
- Underpaying – Always check the latest value before paying.
Best Practice: Pay Sadaqatul Fitr in advance so that it reaches the poor before Eid.
6. Conclusion: The Importance of Sadaqatul Fitr
Sadaqatul Fitr is an essential act of charity that helps complete our fasting, cleanse our shortcomings, and bring joy to the poor on Eid. It is a small yet powerful act that carries immense rewards when done sincerely.
Allah says in the Qur’an:
“You will never achieve righteousness until you spend from what you love.”
(Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:92)
Final Action Plan:
- Calculate the correct amount and pay it before Eid.
- Ensure it reaches deserving recipients.
- Encourage family and friends to fulfill this obligation.
- Give generously, seeking Allah’s reward.
May Allah accept our fasting, Sadaqatul Fitr, and grant us the ability to help those in need. Ameen.
